This paper presents the four primary reasons why any population may be hard to count (HTC), four broad strategies for successfully addressing those challenges, and guidance on specific populations which have historically been HTC across national contexts. In doing so, it will help to produce higher quality census data and a culture in which those hardest to reach are prioritized.

This technical note is part of a series on Select Topics in International Censuses, exploring matters of interest to the international statistical community.

This paper provides information on internationally recognized standards on special procedures and protocols for the archiving and preservation of individual census records.

This technical note is part of a series on Select Topics in International Censuses, exploring matters of interest to the international statistical community.

This paper details core questions about fertility in a census to improve the accuracy and completeness of fertility data. 

This technical note is part of a series on Select Topics in International Censuses, exploring matters of interest to the international statistical community. 

This technical brief discusses the opportunity provided by the 2020 census round to significantly increase the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by migratory status and other characteristics relevant in national contexts. 

This paper introduces key concepts and variables to achieve international data comparability, which requires that national statistics offices work with the same concepts and definitions. It covers essential concepts for the measurement, analysis and tabilation of internal and international migration.

This technical note is part of a series on Select Topics in International Censuses, exploring matters of interest to the international statistical community. 

This technical brief provides information about the method and potential of the hybrid census, where traditional census data are combined with the newest geospatial technology. It aims to help optimize the accuracy of population data in countries or territories with hard-to-reach areas, where traditional enumeration is challenging.